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Humpback whales catch fish using bubbles and flippers
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Named after the distinctive hump in front of their small dorsal fin, humpback whales often feed in large groups and are famous for their singing ability. Found in oceans and seas around the world, humpback whales typically migrate up to 16,000 km (9,900 mi) each year. They feed in polar waters and migrate to tropical or subtropical waters to breed and give birth.
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Humpbacks are mainly black or grey with white undersides to their flukes, flippers and bellies. They are 15m long. One of the most noticeable characteristics of humpback whales is their long flippers.
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Male humpback whales produce complex songs during the winter breeding season. These vocals range in frequency between 100 Hz to 4 Hz, with harmonics reaching up to 24 kHz or more, and can travel at least 10 km (6.2 mi). Males may sing for between 4 and 33 minutes, depending on the region. In Hawaii, humpback whales have been recorded vocalizing for as long as 7 hours
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Humpback whales need to eat a lot every day.
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Humpbacks are baleen whales, which means they filter their food through baleen plates. They strain krill, anchovies, cod, sardines, mackerel, capelin, and other schooling fish from the waters. Some humpbacks have been observed creating "bubble nets" to catch their prey. The whales dive deep then swim up in a spiral pattern, while releasing a steady stream of bubbles from their blow holes. As the bubbles rise they form a "net" that surrounds the whales' prey. The whales swim up through the centre of the bubble net and feed on the prey trapped inside.
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Humpbacks (Megaptera novaeangliae) often feed by lunging with their mouths open to catch any fish in their path. Sometimes, the whales will first swim upward in a spiral and blow bubbles underwater. This creates a circular ¡°net¡± of bubbles that makes it harder for fish to escape.
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Scientists had known this net makes it hard for fish to escape.
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The team noticed that two whales used the fins on each side of their bodies to herd fish inside the bubble nets. This hunting tactic is called pectoral herding. But the whales had their own way of herding fish.
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