¸í»ç(Noun)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Ïº® Á¤¸®
¸í»ç´Â ¹®Àå¿¡¼ »ç¶÷, »ç¹°, Àå¼Ò, °³³ä µîÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ´Ü¾î·Î, ¿µ¾î ÇнÀÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼ÒÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¸í»ç´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î, ¸ñÀû¾î, º¸¾î µîÀ¸·Î ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëµÇ¸ç, ±× Á¾·ù¿Í ¿ë¹ýÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
À̹ø Æ÷½ºÆ®¿¡¼´Â ¸í»çÀÇ Á¾·ù, ¿ë¹ý, ¸í»ç È°¿ë¹ý µîÀ» ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤¸®ÇØ º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
1. ¸í»çÀÇ Á¾·ù (Types of Nouns)
¸í»ç´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ±âÁØ¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐ·ùµË´Ï´Ù.
°¡Àå ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ±¸ºÐ¹ýÀº °íÀ¯ ¸í»ç¿Í º¸Åë ¸í»çÀ̸ç, ÀÌ ¿Ü¿¡µµ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºÐ·ù°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
1) °íÀ¯ ¸í»ç (Proper Nouns) vs. º¸Åë ¸í»ç (Common Nouns)
°íÀ¯ ¸í»ç: ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »ç¶÷, Àå¼Ò, »ç¹° µîÀ» ÁöĪÇϸç,
ù ±ÛÀÚ´Â Ç×»ó ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î ¾¹´Ï´Ù.
¿¹½Ã:
»ç¶÷ À̸§: James, Emily, Shakespeare
µµ½Ã/±¹°¡: Seoul, France, Mount Everest
ºê·£µå: Nike, Apple, Samsung
º¸Åë ¸í»ç: ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ´ë»óÀ» ÁöĪÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷, »ç¹°, °³³ä µîÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù.
¿¹½Ã:
»ç¶÷: teacher, student, doctor
»ç¹°: book, table, computer
Àå¼Ò: school, park, restaurant
2) ¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸í»ç (Countable Nouns) vs. ¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»ç (Uncountable Nouns)
¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸í»ç (Countable Nouns): °³¼ö¸¦ ¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´Ü¼ö¿Í º¹¼ö ÇüŸ¦ °¡Áý´Ï´Ù.
¿¹½Ã:
apple ¡æ apples, car ¡æ cars, dog ¡æ dogs
There is an apple on the table.
I have two dogs.
¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»ç (Uncountable Nouns): °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¿ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ´Ü¼öÇüÀ¸·Î¸¸ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. ¿¹½Ã:
¹°Áú¸í»ç: water, milk, rice, sugar
Ãß»ó¸í»ç: happiness, love, information, advice
She gave me some advice.
There is a lot of water in the bottle.
👉 ¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»ç´Â º¸Åë a/anÀ» ºÙÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø°í,
¼ö·® Ç¥ÇöÀ» ÇÒ ¶§ ¡®some, much, a lot of¡¯ µîÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
3) ±¸Ã¼ ¸í»ç (Concrete Nouns) vs. Ãß»ó ¸í»ç (Abstract Nouns)
±¸Ã¼ ¸í»ç (Concrete Nouns): °¨°¢(½Ã°¢, û°¢, ÃË°¢, ¹Ì°¢, ÈÄ°¢)À¸·Î ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´ë»ó.
¿¹½Ã: dog, flower, music, perfume
Ãß»ó ¸í»ç (Abstract Nouns): °¨°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °³³äÀû ¸í»ç.
¿¹½Ã: happiness, freedom, friendship, courage
4) ÁýÇÕ ¸í»ç (Collective Nouns)
Áý´ÜÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸í»ç·Î, ´Ü¼öÇüÀÌÁö¸¸ ±¸¼º¿ø °³Ã¼¸¦ ÀǹÌÇϱ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¿¹½Ã:
team, family, audience, crowd, staff
The team is playing well. (ÆÀ Àüü¸¦ ´Ü¼ö·Î ÀνÄ)
My family are all coming for dinner. (±¸¼º¿ø °³°³ÀÎÀ» °Á¶ÇÒ ¶§ º¹¼ö Ãë±Þ °¡´É)
2. ¸í»çÀÇ ¹®Àå ¼Ó ¿ªÇÒ (Functions of Nouns)
¸í»ç´Â ¹®Àå¿¡¼ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
1) ÁÖ¾î (Subject)
¹®Àå¿¡¼ µ¿ÀÛÀÇ ÁÖü°¡ µË´Ï´Ù. ¿¹½Ã:
The cat is sleeping on the sofa. (°í¾çÀÌ°¡ ¼ÒÆÄ¿¡¼ ÀÚ°í ÀÖ´Ù.)
Honesty is the best policy. (Á¤Á÷ÀÌ ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù.)
2) ¸ñÀû¾î (Object)
µ¿»ç ¶Ç´Â ÀüÄ¡»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Á÷Á¢ ¸ñÀû¾î (Direct Object): µ¿ÀÛÀ» Á÷Á¢ ¹Þ´Â ´ë»ó
¿¹½Ã: She bought a new phone. (±×³à´Â »õ ÈÞ´ëÆùÀ» »ò´Ù.)
°£Á¢ ¸ñÀû¾î (Indirect Object): ´©±¸¿¡°Ô µ¿ÀÛÀÌ ÇâÇÏ´ÂÁö ³ªÅ¸³¿
¿¹½Ã: She gave me a present. (±×³à°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô ¼±¹°À» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.)
ÀüÄ¡»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î (Object of Preposition): ÀüÄ¡»ç µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â ¸í»ç
¿¹½Ã: I am looking for my keys. (³ª´Â ³» ¿¼è¸¦ ã°í ÀÖ´Ù.)
3) º¸¾î (Complement)
ÁÖ°Ý º¸¾î (Subject Complement): Á־ º¸Ãæ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒ
¿¹½Ã: My father is a doctor. (¿ì¸® ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ÀÇ»çÀÌ´Ù.)
¸ñÀû°Ý º¸¾î (Object Complement): ¸ñÀû¾î¸¦ º¸Ãæ ¼³¸í
¿¹½Ã: They made her a manager. (±×µéÀº ±×³à¸¦ ¸Å´ÏÀú·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.)
3. ¸í»çÀÇ È°¿ë (Noun Usage)
1) ¸í»çÀÇ º¹¼öÇü (Plural Forms of Nouns)
¸í»çÀÇ º¹¼öÇüÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î -s¸¦ ºÙ¿© ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù.
cat ¡æ cats, book ¡æ books, pen ¡æ pens
±×·¯³ª ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿¹¿Ü°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
-s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o·Î ³¡³ª´Â ¸í»ç: -es Ãß°¡
bus ¡æ buses, watch ¡æ watches, box ¡æ boxes
ÀÚÀ½ + y·Î ³¡³ª´Â ¸í»ç: y ¡æ i + es
baby ¡æ babies, city ¡æ cities
f, fe·Î ³¡³ª´Â ¸í»ç: f ¡æ v + es
knife ¡æ knives, wolf ¡æ wolves
ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ º¯È
man ¡æ men, woman ¡æ women, foot ¡æ feet, child ¡æ children, tooth ¡æ teeth
º¯ÈÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸í»ç
sheep ¡æ sheep, deer ¡æ deer, fish ¡æ fish
2) ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý (Possessive Case)
´Ü¼ö ¸í»ç: 's¸¦ ºÙÀÓ
Tom¡¯s book, my brother¡¯s car
º¹¼ö ¸í»ç(-s·Î ³¡³¯ ¶§): *¡¯*¸¸ ºÙÀÓ
The students¡¯ classroom
ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ º¹¼öÇü: 's Ãß°¡
Children¡¯s toys, men¡¯s clothing
3) ¸í»ç + ¸í»ç (Noun as an Adjective)
¸í»ç°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¸í»ç¸¦ ²Ù¸çÁÙ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
a car door (ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¹®), a school bus (Çб³ ¹ö½º)
4. ¸í»ç¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ Ç¥Çöµé
¸í»ç±¸ (Noun Phrase): ¸í»ç°¡ Áß½ÉÀÌ µÇ´Â ±¸
¿¹½Ã: The big brown dog is barking. (Å« °¥»ö °³°¡ ¢°í ÀÖ´Ù.)
¸í»çÀý (Noun Clause): ¸í»ç°¡ ¹®Àåó·³ È®ÀåµÈ ÇüÅÂ
¿¹½Ã: What you said is true. (³×°¡ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù.)
📌 1. °íÀ¯ ¸í»ç (Proper Nouns)
James is my best friend.
Paris is the capital of France.
I love reading books by Shakespeare.
Samsung is a famous electronics company.
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
Jennifer is studying in London.
Christmas is my favorite holiday.
The Nile River is the longest river in Africa.
Amazon sells a variety of products.
The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
📌 2. º¸Åë ¸í»ç (Common Nouns)
The cat is sleeping on the couch.
I bought a new laptop yesterday.
He found a key under the table.
The teacher gave us homework.
My father drives a car.
The park is full of children.
She wrote a letter to her friend.
The sun is shining brightly.
The hospital is near my house.
There is a big tree in our garden.
📌 3. ¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸í»ç (Countable Nouns)
I have three books on my desk.
She adopted a cute puppy.
There are five apples in the basket.
He bought two pens at the store.
The chairs in this room are very comfortable.
We need more pillows on the bed.
The baby has two small teeth.
They saw a bird in the tree.
My uncle has many cars.
I found a coin on the floor.
📌 4. ¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»ç (Uncountable Nouns)
She gave me some advice about studying.
Water is essential for life.
He has a lot of patience.
There is too much sugar in this tea.
Love is the most powerful emotion.
The news was very shocking.
His knowledge of history is impressive.
Can you give me some information about the project?
The air feels fresh today.
He put some rice on his plate.
📌 5. ÁýÇÕ ¸í»ç (Collective Nouns)
The team is practicing for the match.
A herd of cows is grazing in the field.
The audience enjoyed the performance.
The staff is very friendly at this hotel.
Our family is planning a trip to Italy.
A flock of birds flew across the sky.
The committee is discussing the proposal.
The police are investigating the case.
The class is taking a test.
A swarm of bees was flying around the flowers.
📌 6. ±¸Ã¼ ¸í»ç (Concrete Nouns)
I saw a rainbow after the rain.
She bought a diamond ring.
The dog is barking loudly.
The table is made of wood.
He picked a red rose from the garden.
My backpack is very heavy.
The ocean waves are strong today.
This cake tastes delicious.
The phone rang twice.
The mirror is broken.
📌 7. Ãß»ó ¸í»ç (Abstract Nouns)
Happiness is the key to a good life.
She showed great courage in the competition.
Freedom is important for everyone.
Honesty is the best policy.
His kindness touched my heart.
Hard work leads to success.
Their friendship lasted for years.
Justice should be fair for all.
The beauty of nature is incredible.
He has a deep sense of responsibility.
📌 8. ¸í»çÀÇ ¹®Àå ¼Ó ¿ªÇÒ
(1) ÁÖ¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ ¸í»ç
The library opens at 9 a.m.
Honesty is always appreciated.
The baby is sleeping peacefully.
Music makes me happy.
This restaurant serves delicious food.
(2) ¸ñÀû¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ ¸í»ç
I bought a new dress.
She loves chocolate.
He borrowed a pen from me.
We watched a movie last night.
They visited the museum.
(3) º¸¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ ¸í»ç
My father is a doctor.
This book is a bestseller.
The cake tastes amazing.
That house looks old.
She became a teacher.
📌 9. ¸í»çÀÇ º¹¼öÇü
There are many books on the shelf.
The babies are playing in the park.
The shelves are full of food.
Wolves live in the forest.
The children are singing.
📌 10. ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý (Possessive Case)
This is Lisa¡¯s bag.
My brother¡¯s car is very expensive.
The students¡¯ classroom is large.
Children¡¯s toys are scattered everywhere.
That is my parents¡¯ house.
📌 11. ¸í»ç + ¸í»ç (Noun as an Adjective)
I need a coffee cup.
She has a sports car.
We are going to the book store.
He bought a leather jacket.
This is a history class.
ºí·Î±× ÂüÁ¶
ÀÌÁß ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý°ú ¼ÒÀ¯´ë¸í
Á¾Á·Àüü¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°Å³ª Á¾·ù¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸í»ç