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    ÀÌ    ¸§     |     °ü¸®ÀÚ µî·ÏÀÏ     |     2023-10-30 Á¶    È¸     |     503
    ÀÌ    ¸§     |     °ü¸®ÀÚ Á¶    È¸     |     503
    µî·ÏÀÏ     |     2023-10-30

    ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ºü¸¥ º¯È­

     

    ¡°Youthquake: Why African Demography Should Matter to the World.¡±

     

     

     

    Astonishing change is underway in Africa, where the population is projected to nearly double to 2.5 billion over the next quarter-century — an era that will not only transform many African countries, experts say, but also radically reshape their relationship with the rest of the world.

    ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡¼­´Â ³î¶ó¿î º¯È­°¡ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àα¸´Â ¾ÕÀ¸·Î 25³â µ¿¾È °ÅÀÇ µÎ ¹èÀÎ 25¾ï ¸í¿¡ À̸¦ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù. Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ÀÌ ½Ã´ë´Â ¸¹Àº ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ±¹°¡µéÀ» º¯È­½Ãų »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³ª¸ÓÁö ±¹°¡µé°úÀÇ °ü°èµµ ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀçÆíµÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù

     



     

     

     

    Birthrates are tumbling in richer nations, creating anxiety about how to care for, and pay for, their aging societies. 

    The median age on the African continent is 19. In India, the world¡¯s most populous country, it is 28. In China and the United States, it is 38.

    ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ±¹°¡¿¡¼­´Â Ãâ»êÀ²ÀÌ ±Þ¶ôÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç , ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ °í·ÉÈ­ »çȸ¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô µ¹º¸°í ºñ¿ëÀ» ÁöºÒÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÒ¾È°¨ÀÌ Ä¿Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 

    ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ´ë·úÀÇ Æò±Õ ¿¬·ÉÀº 19¼¼. ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Àα¸°¡ ¸¹Àº ÀεµÀÇ °æ¿ì 28¼¼, Áß±¹°ú ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °æ¿ì 38¼¼ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

     

     

     

    In September, the African Union joined the Group of 20, the premier forum for international economic cooperation, taking a seat at the same table as the European Union.

    Áö³­ 9¿ù ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¬ÇÕÀº ±¹Á¦°æÁ¦Çù·ÂÀÇ ÃÖ°í Æ÷·³ÀÎ G20¿¡ °¡ÀÔÇØ À¯·´¿¬ÇÕ°ú °°Àº Å×ÀÌºí¿¡ ¾É¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

     

     

     

    Businesses are chasing Africa¡¯s tens of millions of new consumers emerging every year, representing untapped markets for cosmetics, organic foods, even champagne. Hilton plans to open 65 new hotels on the continent within five years. Its population of millionaires, the fastest growing on earth, is expected to double to 768,000 by 2027, the bank Credit Suisse estimates.

    ±â¾÷µéÀº È­ÀåÇ°, À¯±â³ó ½ÄÇ°, ½ÉÁö¾î ¼¤ÆäÀο¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ¹Ì°³Ã´ ½ÃÀåÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¼öõ¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀ» ¸Å³â Ãß°ÝÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÈúÆ°Àº 5³â ¾È¿¡ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡ 65°³ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î È£ÅÚÀ» °³ÀåÇÒ °èȹÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ºü¸£°Ô Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¹é¸¸ÀåÀÚ Àα¸°¡ 2027³â¿¡´Â µÎ ¹èÀÎ 768,000¸í¿¡ À̸¦ °ÍÀ¸·Î Credit Suisse ÀºÇàÀº Ãß»ê ÇÕ´Ï´Ù .

     

     

     

    Within the next decade, Africa will have the world¡¯s largest work force, surpassing China and India. By the 2040s, it will account for two out of every five children born on the planet.

    ¾ÕÀ¸·Î 10³â ¾È¿¡ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«´Â Áß±¹°ú Àεµ¸¦ Á¦Ä¡°í ¼¼°è ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ³ëµ¿·ÂÀ» °®°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 2040³â´ë¿¡´Â Áö±¸»ó¿¡ ž´Â ¾î¸°ÀÌ 5¸í Áß 2¸íÀÌ ÀÌ ºñÀ²À» Â÷ÁöÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

     

     

     

    The world¡¯s fastest growing music market is in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the main industry body. By 2030, Africa¡¯s film and music industries could be worth $20 billion and create 20 million jobs, according to UNESCO estimates.

    Young Africans are honing their talents, sensing an opening.

    ÁÖ¿ä ¾÷°è ±â°ü¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ºü¸£°Ô ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â À½¾Ç ½ÃÀåÀº »çÇ϶ó À̳² ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À¯³×½ºÄÚ ÃßÁ¤¿¡ µû¸£¸é 2030³â±îÁö ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¿µÈ­ ¹× À½¾Ç »ê¾÷Àº 200¾ï ´Þ·¯ ±Ô¸ð¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ°í 2õ¸¸ °³ÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ âÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù.

    ÀþÀº ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀεéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àç´ÉÀ» °¥°í´ÛÀ¸¸ç ±âȸ¸¦ Æ÷ÂøÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

     

     

     

    Other regions, like East Asia, prospered only after their birthrates had fallen substantially and a majority of their people had joined the work force — a phenomenon known as the ¡°demographic transition¡± that has long driven global growth. Britain¡¯s transition took two centuries, from the 1740s to the 1940s. Thailand did it in about 40 years.

    µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿Í °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ Áö¿ªÀº Ãâ»êÀ²ÀÌ Å©°Ô ¶³¾îÁö°í ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ³ëµ¿ Àα¸¿¡ ÇÕ·ùÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡¾ß ¹ø¿µÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¿À·§µ¿¾È ±Û·Î¹ú ¼ºÀåÀ» ÁÖµµÇØ ¿Â 'Àα¸Åë°èÇÐÀû Àüȯ'À¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø Çö»óÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿µ±¹ÀÇ º¯È­´Â 1740³â´ëºÎÅÍ 1940³â´ë±îÁö 200³âÀÌ °É·È½À´Ï´Ù. ű¹Àº ¾à 40³â ¸¸¿¡ Çس½À´Ï´Ù.

     

     

     

    But in Africa, where birthrates remain stubbornly high — nearly twice the global average — that transition has proved elusive.

    ±×·¯³ª Ãâ»êÀ²ÀÌ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¼¼°è Æò±ÕÀÇ °ÅÀÇ µÎ ¹è¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀüȯÀÌ ½±Áö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ½À´Ï´Ù.

     

     

     

    The picture changes greatly from one country to another. In South Africa, women have two children on average, while in Niger they have seven. Some smaller economies, like those of Rwanda and Ivory Coast, are among the world¡¯s fastest growing. But on the whole, the continent cannot keep pace with its swelling population.

    »óȲÀº ±¹°¡¸¶´Ù Å©°Ô ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù. ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°øÈ­±¹ ¿©¼ºÀº Æò±Õ 2¸íÀÇ Àڳฦ ³º´Â ¹Ý¸é, ´ÏÁ¦¸£¿¡¼­´Â 7¸íÀÇ Àڳฦ ³º½À´Ï´Ù. ¸£¿Ï´Ù¿Í ÄÚÆ®µðºÎ¾Æ¸£ °°Àº ÀϺΠ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ±¹°¡´Â ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ºü¸£°Ô ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡ Áß ÇϳªÀÔ´Ï´Ù . ±×·¯³ª Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ë·úÀº ±ÞÁõÇÏ´Â Àα¸¸¦ µû¶óÀâÀ» ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

     

     

     

    That South Korea has become one of the world¡¯s largest economies shows how success can strike in the most unlikely places, Mr. Chang added: ¡°With time and effort, remarkable transformations are possible.¡±

    Çѱ¹ÀÌ ¼¼°è ÃÖ´ë °æÁ¦±¹ Áß Çϳª°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÀüÇô ¿¹»óÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ °÷¿¡¼­ ¼º°øÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿© Áشٰí Àå ´ëÇ¥´Â µ¡ºÙ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. "½Ã°£°ú ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ³î¶ó¿î º¯È­°¡ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù."

     

     

     

    A young population was a big part of South Korea¡¯s success, Mr. Chang said. But it took other ingredients, too: visionary leaders, wise policies and education, as well as intangibles like drive, innovation and sheer good fortune, he said. ¡°A lot of things have to work together.¡±

    ÀþÀº Àα¸°¡ Çѱ¹ ¼º°øÀÇ Å« ºÎºÐÀ» Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù°í Àå ´ëÇ¥´Â ¸»Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̸¦ À§Çؼ­´Â ºñÀü ÀÖ´Â ¸®´õ, Çö¸íÇÑ Á¤Ã¥ ¹× ±³À°»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÃßÁø·Â, Çõ½Å, ¼øÀüÇÑ Çà¿î°ú °°Àº ¿ä¼Òµµ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ±×´Â ¸»Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ¡°¸¹Àº ÀÏÀÌ ÇÔ²² ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡±

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     



     
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