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    ÀÌ    ¸§     |     °ü¸®ÀÚ µî·ÏÀÏ     |     2023-11-06 Á¶    È¸     |     422
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    µî·ÏÀÏ     |     2023-11-06

    The science behind NASA¡¯s ¡®ghost hand¡¯ image

     

     

     

     

    MSH 15-52, which is located 16,000 light-years from Earth, was first observed by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory in 2001. 

    MSH 15-52´Â Áö±¸¿¡¼­ 16,000±¤³â ¶³¾îÁø °÷¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç 2001³â NASAÀÇ Chandra X¼± °üÃø¼Ò¿¡¼­ óÀ½À¸·Î °üÃøµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù .

     

     

     

    Just as doctors use X-rays to study anatomy, astronomers have targeted a pulsar to learn how its magnetic field affects the nebula around it.

    ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ ÇغÎÇÐÀ» ¿¬±¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¿¢½º·¹À̸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Íó·³, õ¹®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÆÞ¼­ÀÇ ÀÚ±âÀåÀÌ ÁÖº¯ ¼º¿î¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â À§ÇØ ÆÞ¼­¸¦ ¸ñÇ¥·Î »ï¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

     

    * nebula - ¼º¿î(àøê£) 

     

     

     

    But all is not as it appears. This skeletal hand is actually the glowing gas of a pulsar wind nebula. This nebula, energized by the super-hot, super-magnetic remnant of a star that exploded some 1,500 years ago. And it¡¯s the spooky subject of a combined effort between NASA¡¯s Chandra X-ray Observatory and Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE).

    ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ º¸ÀÌ´Â °Í°ú ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ »À´ë¼ÕÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÆÞ¼­Ç³ ¼º¿îÀÇ ºû³ª´Â °¡½ºÀÔ´Ï´Ù . ÀÌ ¼º¿îÀº ¾à 1,500³â Àü¿¡ Æø¹ßÇÑ º°ÀÇ ÃÊ°í¿Â, ÃÊÀÚ±â ÀÜÇØ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È°¼ºÈ­µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ´Â NASAÀÇ Chandra X-ray Observatory¿Í Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer(IXPE)°¡ °øµ¿À¸·Î ³ë·ÂÇÑ À¸½º½ºÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

     

    * pulsar - ÆÞ¼­(´«¿¡ º¸ÀÌÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î ºü¸¥ ÀüÆijª ¹æ»ç¼±À» ¹æÃâÇϴ õü)

     

     

     

    IXPE is a unique instrument designed to help astronomers untangle the workings of magnetic fields. The telescope observes the polarization, or orientation, of magnetic fields, which can reveal how magnetic fields are interacting with the material around them.

    IXPE´Â õ¹®ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÚ±âÀåÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» Ç® ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µ½±â À§ÇØ ¼³°èµÈ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ µµ±¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸Á¿ø°æÀº ÀÚ±âÀåÀÇ Æí±Ø ¶Ç´Â ¹æÇâÀ» °üÂûÇÏ¿© ÀÚ±âÀåÀÌ ÁÖº¯ ¹°Áú°ú ¾î¶»°Ô »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¹àÈú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

     

     

     

    Located some 16,000 light-years away, this is pulsar PSR B1509-58 and its associated wind nebula, cataloged separately as MSH 15-52. When a massive star dies in a supernova explosion, it can leave behind a neutron star: a city-sized, rapidly rotating ball of neutrons with a powerful magnetic field. As the star, called a pulsar, rotates, it shoots out beams of both matter and antimatter from its poles, like a cosmic particle accelerator. These beams sweep through the gas left behind from the explosion, lighting it up as a pulsar wind nebula.

    ¾à 16,000±¤³â °Å¸®¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ÀÌ ¼º¿îÀº ÆÞ¼­ PSR B1509-58°ú °ü·Ã ¹Ù¶÷ ¼º¿îÀ¸·Î MSH 15-52·Î º°µµ·Î ºÐ·ùµË´Ï´Ù. °Å´ëÇÑ º°ÀÌ Ãʽżº Æø¹ß·Î Á×À¸¸é Áß¼ºÀÚº°ÀÌ ³²À» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â µµ½Ã Å©±âÀÇ °­·ÂÇÑ ÀÚ±âÀåÀ» °®°í ºü¸£°Ô ȸÀüÇÏ´Â Áß¼ºÀÚ °øÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÆÞ¼­¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â º°ÀÌ È¸ÀüÇϸ鼭 ¿ìÁÖ ÀÔÀÚ °¡¼Ó±âó·³ ±Ø¿¡¼­ ¹°Áú°ú ¹Ý¹°ÁúÀÇ ±¤¼±À» ¹ß»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±¤¼±Àº Æø¹ß·Î ÀÎÇØ ³²°ÜÁø °¡½º¸¦ ÈÛ¾µ¾î ÆÞ¼­Ç³ ¼º¿îÀ¸·Î ºû³ª°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

     

    * supernova - Ãʽżº(º¸Åë ½Å¼ºº¸´Ù 1¸¸ ¹è ÀÌ»óÀÇ ºûÀ» ³»´Â ½Å¼º)

    * neutron - Áß¼ºÀÚ

     

     



     

     

     

     

    The "ghostly hand" — formally known as MSH 15-52 — was created by the the death of a massive star. This catastrophic event, called a supernova explosion, left behind a fast-spinning, superdense stellar corpse known as a pulsar. 

    °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î MSH 15-52·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø "À¯·ÉÀÇ ¼Õ"Àº °Å´ëÇÑ º°ÀÇ Á×À½À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. Ãʽżº Æø¹ß À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌ ´ëÀ̺¯Àû »ç°ÇÀº ÆÞ¼­¶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁø ºü¸£°Ô ȸÀüÇÏ´Â Ãʹеµ Ç×¼º ½Ãü¸¦ ³²°å½À´Ï´Ù . 

     

    * superdense - ÃÊ°í¹Ðµµ 

     

     

     

    Pulsars are rotating neutron stars that have strong magnetic fields, which create powerful jets of charged particles and intense wind that forms what is known as a pulsar wind nebula. The pulsar PSR B1509-58 is located near the center of the image — or the base of the palm of MSH 15-52 — and injects particles into space, creating a glowing shape that resembles a human hand, according to a statement from NASA. 

    ÆÞ¼­´Â °­·ÂÇÑ ÀÚ±âÀåÀ» °®°í ȸÀüÇÏ´Â Áß¼ºÀÚº°·Î, ÆÞ¼­Ç³ ¼º¿îÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø °ÍÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â °­·ÂÇÑ ÇÏÀü ÀÔÀÚ Á¦Æ®¿Í °­·ÄÇÑ ¹Ù¶÷À» »ý¼ºÇÕ´Ï´Ù. NASAÀÇ ¼º¸í¿¡ µû¸£¸é ÆÞ¼­ PSR B1509-58Àº À̹ÌÁö Áß¾Ó Áï, MSH 15-52ÀÇ ¼Õ¹Ù´Ú ¹Ù´Ú ±Ùó¿¡ À§Ä¡Çϸç ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ °ø°£¿¡ ÁÖÀÔÇÏ¿© Àΰ£ÀÇ ¼Õ°ú À¯»çÇÑ ºû³ª´Â ¸ð¾çÀ» ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù.

     

     

     

    In this case, highly polarized magnetic fields stream away from the neutron star to the upper right, creating the ¡°bones¡± of the hand as particles stream away from the pulsar and glow in X-rays. A high level of polarization means the magnetic field lines are oriented straight in space.

    ÀÌ °æ¿ì, °íµµ·Î ±Ø¼ºÈ­µÈ ÀÚ±âÀåÀÌ Áß¼ºÀÚº°¿¡¼­ ¿À¸¥ÂÊ »ó´ÜÀ¸·Î Èê·¯°¡¸é¼­ ÀÔÀÚ°¡ ÆÞ¼­¿¡¼­ ¸Ö¾îÁö°í X¼±À¸·Î ºû³ª¸é¼­ ¼ÕÀÇ "»À"°¡ »ý¼ºµË´Ï´Ù. ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ ºÐ±ØÀº ÀÚ±âÀå ¼±ÀÌ °ø°£¿¡¼­ Á÷¼± ¹æÇâÀ» ÇâÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 

     

     

     

    The same is not true at the base of the ¡®ghost hand¡¯ — there, the jet from the pulsar shows low polarization near the neutron star, then the magnetic field seems to straighten out farther from the star (to the lower left). Astronomers take this to mean the region near the pulsar is quite turbulent as it spews out energetic particles, then grows calmer and more ordered farther away.

    'À¯·É ¼Õ' ¹Ù´Ú¿¡¼­ ÆÞ¼­ÀÇ Á¦Æ®´Â Áß¼ºÀÚº° ±Ùó¿¡¼­ ³·Àº ºÐ±ØÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÚ±âÀåÀº º°¿¡¼­ ´õ ¸Ö¸®(¿ÞÂÊ ¾Æ·¡) ÆìÁö´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. õ¹®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ÆÞ¼­ ±Ùó Áö¿ªÀÌ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ºÐÃâÇϸ鼭 ¸Å¿ì °Ýµ¿ÀûÀ̸ç, ¸Ö¾îÁú¼ö·Ï Â÷ºÐÇØÁö°í Áú¼­°¡ ÀâÈù´Ù´Â Àǹ̷Π¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

     

     

     

     

     



     
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