20°¡Áö ¿µ¾î ¹®¹ý ±ÔÄ¢ (20 Essential Grammar Rules)
¿µ¾î ¹®¹ýÀ» °øºÎÇÒ ¶§ ²À ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ 20°¡Áö ÇÙ½É ±ÔÄ¢À» Á¤¸®Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±ÔÄ¢µéÀ» Àß ÀÍÈ÷¸é ¿µ¾î ¹®ÀåÀ» ¸¸µé ¶§ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ°í ´õ Á¤È®ÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ» ±¸»çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
1. ¹®ÀåÀº ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í ¸¶Ä§Ç¥( . ), ¹°À½Ç¥( ? ), ´À³¦Ç¥( ! )·Î ³¡³´Ù.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
The fat cat sat on the mat.
Where do you live?
My dog is very clever!
2. ±âº» ±àÁ¤¹®Àº ÁÖ¾î(S) + µ¿»ç(V) + ¸ñÀû¾î(O)ÀÇ ¾î¼øÀ» µû¸¥´Ù.
❗ ºÎÁ¤¹®°ú Àǹ®¹®Àº ¾î¼øÀÌ ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
John loves Mary.
They were driving their car to Bangkok.
3. ¸ðµç ¹®Àå¿¡´Â ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»ç°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. (¸ñÀû¾î´Â ¼±ÅÃÀû)
❗ ¸í·É¹®¿¡¼´Â µ¿»ç¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ½.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
John teaches.
John teaches English.
Stop! (Áï, "You stop!"ÀÇ ÀǹÌ)
4. ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»ç´Â ¼ö¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ÀÏÄ¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
✔ ´Ü¼ö ÁÖ¾î ¡æ ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç
✔ º¹¼ö ÁÖ¾î ¡æ º¹¼ö µ¿»ç
📌 ¿¹¹®:
John works in London.
That monk eats once a day.
John and Mary work in London.
Most people eat three meals a day.
5. µÎ °³ÀÇ ´Ü¼ö Á־ "or", "either/or", "neither/nor"·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¸é ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
John or Mary is coming tonight.
Either coffee or tea is fine.
Neither John nor Mary was late.
6. Çü¿ë»ç´Â ¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. (´Ü, µ¿»ç°¡ Çü¿ë»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¶§´Â ¿¹¿Ü)
📌 ¿¹¹®:
I have a big dog.
She married a handsome Italian man.
(¿¹¿Ü) Her husband is rich.
7. ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ Çü¿ë»ç¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Â "ÀÇ°ß(Opinion) + »ç½Ç(Fact) + ¸í»ç(Noun)" ¼ø¼·Î ¹èÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
I saw a nice French table.
That was an interesting Shakespearian play.
8. ÁýÇÕ ¸í»ç(committee, company, family µî)´Â ´Ü¼ö ¶Ç´Â º¹¼ö·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
✔ ¿µ±¹½Ä(BrE) ¡æ º¸Åë º¹¼ö Ãë±Þ
✔ ¹Ì±¹½Ä(AmE) ¡æ º¸Åë ´Ü¼ö Ãë±Þ
📌 ¿¹¹®:
The committee are having sandwiches for lunch. (BrE)
The BBC have changed their logo. (BrE)
My family likes going to the zoo. (AmE)
CNN has changed its logo. (AmE)
9. "its"¿Í "it's"´Â ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ´Ü¾îÀÌ´Ù.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
The dog has hurt its leg. (¼ÒÀ¯°Ý)
He says it's two o'clock. (it isÀÇ Ãà¾àÇü)
10. "your"¿Í "you're"´Â ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ´Ü¾îÀÌ´Ù.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
Here is your coffee. (¼ÒÀ¯°Ý)
You're looking good. (You areÀÇ Ãà¾àÇü)
11. "there", "their", "they're"´Â ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ´Ü¾îÀÌ´Ù.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
There was nobody at the party. (Àå¼Ò³ª Á¸Àç)
I saw their new car. (¼ÒÀ¯°Ý)
Do you think they're happy? (They areÀÇ Ãà¾àÇü)
12. "he's"´Â "he is" ¶Ç´Â "he has"ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
✔ "she's"¿Í "it's"µµ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢ Àû¿ë.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
He¡¯s working. (He is working.)
He¡¯s finished. (He has finished.)
She¡¯s here. (She is here.)
It¡¯s gone. (It has gone.)
13. "he¡¯d"´Â "he had" ¶Ç´Â "he would"ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
✔ "they¡¯d"µµ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢ Àû¿ë.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
He¡¯d eaten when I arrived. (He had eaten.)
He¡¯d eat more if he could. (He would eat more.)
14. °íÀ¯ ¸í»ç´Â ù ±ÛÀÚ¸¦ ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î ¾´´Ù.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
We have written to Mary.
Is China in Asia?
Do you speak English?
15. °íÀ¯ Çü¿ë»ç(Proper Adjective)µµ ù ±ÛÀÚ¸¦ ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î ¾´´Ù.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
London is an English town.
Who is the Canadian prime minister?
Which is your favorite Shakespearian play?
16. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °¡»ê ¸í»ç¿¡´Â ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç "a/an"À», ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¸í»ç¿¡´Â Á¤°ü»ç "the"¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
I saw a bird and a balloon in the sky. The bird was blue and the balloon was yellow.
He always saves some of the money that he earns.
17. "a/an"ÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀº ¹ßÀ½¿¡ µû¶ó °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù.
✔ ÀÚÀ½ ¼Ò¸® ¡æ "a"
✔ ¸ðÀ½ ¼Ò¸® ¡æ "an"
📌 ¿¹¹®:
a cat, a human, a university (you-ni-ver-si-ty)
an apple, an easy job, an honorable man (on-o-ra-ble)
18. "many/few"´Â °¡»ê ¸í»ç¿Í, "much/little"Àº ºÒ°¡»ê ¸í»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
How many dollars do you have?
How much money do you have?
There are a few cars outside.
There is little traffic on the roads.
19. ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§ ´Ü¼ö ¸í»ç¿¡´Â " 's ", º¹¼ö ¸í»ç¿¡´Â " s' "¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
The boy¡¯s dog. (ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ ¼Ò³â)
The boys¡¯ dog. (¿©·¯ ¸íÀÇ ¼Ò³â)
20. ¹®Àå¿¡¼´Â °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ´Éµ¿Å¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
✔ ´Éµ¿ÅÂ(Active Voice) ¡æ ´õ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°í ¸íÈ®ÇÔ.
✔ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ(Passive Voice) ¡æ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì ÇÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ½.
📌 ¿¹¹®:
´Éµ¿ÅÂ: Cats eat fish.
¼öµ¿ÅÂ: Fish are eaten by cats. (ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì »ç¿ë °¡´É)
°á·Ð
ÀÌ 20°¡Áö ±ÔÄ¢À» ÀÍÈ÷¸é ¹®¹ýÀûÀÎ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ°í ´õ Á¤È®ÇÑ ¿µ¾î ¹®ÀåÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿µ¾î¸¦ °øºÎÇÒ ¶§ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¹®¹ý ±ÔÄ¢À» Àß ÀÍÈ÷°í, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¹®ÀåÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ¿¬½ÀÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù!