1. What is stagflation?
Stagflation is a situation where the economy is not growing, but prices are still rising.
It combines two words — stagnation (slow or no growth) and inflation (rising prices).
Normally, when prices go up, the economy is doing well. But during stagflation, people suffer because jobs decrease while the cost of living increases.
½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹À̼ÇÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹À̼Ç(Stagflation)Àº °æÁ¦°¡ ¼ºÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥ ¹°°¡¸¸ ¿À¸£´Â »óȲÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ´Ü¾î´Â stagnation(°æ±âħü)°ú inflation(¹°°¡»ó½Â)ÀÇ ÇÕ¼º¾îÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
º¸Åë ¹°°¡°¡ ¿À¸¦ ¶§´Â °æÁ¦µµ Ȱ¹ßÇÏÁö¸¸, ½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹ÀÌ¼Ç ½Ã±â¿¡´Â ÀÏÀÚ¸®°¡ ÁÙ°í »ýȰºñ´Â ¿Ã¶ó »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ½À´Ï´Ù.
stagflation °æ±â ħü ¼ÓÀÇ ¹°°¡ »ó½Â
stagnation ħü, Á¤Ã¼
inflation ¹°°¡ »ó½Â, ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼Ç
economy °æÁ¦

2. Why does stagflation happen?
Stagflation often happens when the cost of production rises sharply, such as when oil or raw material prices increase. Companies face higher expenses, so they raise prices, but consumers buy less because their purchasing power drops. This leads to slow growth and high prices at the same time. Poor government policy or excessive money printing can also make stagflation worse.
½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹À̼ÇÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯
½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹À̼ÇÀº º¸Åë »ý»êºñ¿ëÀÌ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ »ó½ÂÇÒ ¶§ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¼®À¯³ª ¿øÀÚÀç °¡°ÝÀÌ ¿À¸¦ ¶§ ±â¾÷Àº ºñ¿ë ºÎ´ã ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¦Ç° °¡°ÝÀ» ÀλóÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀº ±¸¸Å·ÂÀÌ ¶³¾îÁ® ¼Òºñ¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ°Ô µÇÁÒ. ±× °á°ú, ¼ºÀåÀº ´À·ÁÁö°í ¹°°¡´Â ¿À¸£´Â Çö»óÀÌ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³³´Ï´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡ Á¤ºÎÀÇ À߸øµÈ Á¤Ã¥À̳ª °úµµÇÑ ÅëÈ ¹ßÇ൵ »óȲÀ» ¾ÇȽÃų ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
cost of production: »ý»êºñ¿ë
raw materials: ¿øÀÚÀç
purchasing power: ±¸¸Å·Â
excessive: °úµµÇÑ
money printing: ÅëÈ ¹ßÇà
3. What is inflation?
Inflation is the general increase in prices of goods and services over time.
When inflation occurs, the purchasing power of money decreases — in other words, the same amount of money buys fewer things than before.
A small amount of inflation is normal in a growing economy, but high inflation can make life expensive and cause economic problems.
ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀ̶õ?
ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼Ç(Inflation)Àº ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó »óǰ°ú ¼ºñ½ºÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ °¡°ÝÀÌ ¿À¸£´Â Çö»óÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÌ ÀϾ¸é µ·ÀÇ ±¸¸Å·Â(purchasing power)ÀÌ ¶³¾îÁý´Ï´Ù — Áï, °°Àº µ·À¸·Î »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹°°ÇÀÇ ¾çÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµå´Â °ÍÀÌÁÒ.
Àû´çÇÑ ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀº ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â °æÁ¦¿¡¼ ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î ÀÏÀÌÁö¸¸, ½ÉÇÑ ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀº »ýȰºñ¸¦ ³ôÀÌ°í °æÁ¦¸¦ ºÒ¾ÈÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù.
4. How can we respond to stagflation?
There is no easy solution to stagflation because fighting inflation and boosting growth require opposite actions.
To control inflation, governments raise interest rates, but that can slow the economy even more.
To boost growth, they might lower rates or spend more money, but that could raise prices further.
Therefore, policymakers must balance these two goals carefully, focusing on productivity and stable energy supply.
½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹À̼ǿ¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ´ëÀÀÇØ¾ß Çϳª?
½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹À̼ÇÀº ´ëÀÀÇϱⰡ ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù.
¹°°¡¸¦ ÀâÀ¸·Á¸é ±Ý¸®¸¦ ¿Ã·Á¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×·¯¸é °æ±â°¡ ´õ ³ªºüÁö°í,
°æ±â¸¦ »ì¸®·Á¸é ±Ý¸®¸¦ ³»¸®°Å³ª µ·À» ´õ Ç®¾î¾ß Çϴµ¥, ±×·¯¸é ¹°°¡°¡ ´õ ¿À¸¨´Ï´Ù.
±×·¡¼ Á¤ºÎ´Â µÎ °¡Áö ¸ñÇ¥ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ±ÕÇüÀ» Àâ´Â Á¤Ã¥À» ½á¾ß Çϸç,
»ý»ê¼º Çâ»ó°ú ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿¡³ÊÁö °ø±ÞÀÌ ÇÙ½É ´ëÀÀ Àü·«ÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù.
raise interest rates: ±Ý¸®¸¦ ÀλóÇÏ´Ù
boost growth: ¼ºÀåÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ´Ù
balance: ±ÕÇüÀ» ¸ÂÃß´Ù
productivity: »ý»ê¼º
energy supply: ¿¡³ÊÁö °ø±Þ
5. Examples of stagflation in history
The most famous case of stagflation occurred in the 1970s, when oil prices skyrocketed after the OPEC oil crisis.
Many countries faced rising fuel costs, slow growth, and high unemployment.
½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹À̼ÇÀÇ »ç·Ê
°¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ ½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹ÀÌ¼Ç »ç·Ê´Â 1970³â´ë ¼®À¯ÆÄµ¿(OPEC ¿ÀÀϼîÅ©) ¶§ ¹ß»ýÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
´ç½Ã ¼®À¯ °¡°ÝÀÌ ±ÞµîÇÏ¸é¼ ¸¹Àº ³ª¶óµéÀÌ ¿¬·áºñ »ó½Â, °æ±â µÐÈ, ½Ç¾÷ Áõ°¡¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ °Þ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
skyrocket: ±ÞµîÇÏ´Ù
OPEC oil crisis: ¼®À¯ÆÄµ¿
fuel costs: ¿¬·áºñ
stagflation
¹ßÀ½: /st©¡ɡˈfleɪʃən/
¶æ: ½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹À̼Ç, °æ±â ħü ¼ÓÀÇ ¹°°¡ »ó½Â
Stagflation means a situation in which the economy is not growing (stagnation), but prices are still going up (inflation).
½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹À̼ÇÀº ¡®°æÁ¦°¡ ħüµÇ¾î ¼ºÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥ ¹°°¡¸¸ ¿À¸£´Â Çö»ó¡¯À» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
It is a mix of two words — stagnation + inflation.
So, stag (from stagnation) + flation (from inflation) = stagflation.
It describes an unhealthy economy:
´Ü¾î´Â stagnation(°æ±âħü)°ú inflation(¹°°¡»ó½Â)ÀÌ °áÇÕµÈ ¸»ÀÌ¿¡¿ä.
Áï, °æ±â´Â ³ª»Ûµ¥ ¹°°¡°¡ °è¼Ó ¿À¸£´Â °æÁ¦ÀÇ º´µç »óŸ¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¶§ ¾¹´Ï´Ù.
Prices are rising
Jobs are decreasing
People¡¯s purchasing power is falling
The country is facing stagflation, with high prices and low employment.
±× ³ª¶ó´Â ¹°°¡ »ó½Â°ú °í¿ë °¨¼Ò°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹À̼ÇÀ» °Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
During the 1970s, many nations suffered from severe stagflation caused by the oil crisis.
1970³â´ë¿¡´Â ¼®À¯ ÆÄµ¿À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ½É°¢ÇÑ ½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹À̼ÇÀ» °ÞÀº ³ª¶ó°¡ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù.
Stagflation is one of the hardest economic problems to solve.
½ºÅ±×Ç÷¹À̼ÇÀº °¡Àå ÇØ°áÇϱ⠾î·Á¿î °æÁ¦ ¹®Á¦ Áß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.
°ü·Ã ¾îÈÖ (Related Vocabulary)
deflation ¹°°¡ Ç϶ô, µðÇ÷¹À̼Ç-- inflationÀÇ ¹Ý´ë
recession °æ±â ħü-- stagflation ½Ã±â¿¡µµ ÇÔ²² ³ªÅ¸³²
purchasing power ±¸¸Å·Â-- stagflation ½Ã±â¿¡ °¨¼ÒÇÔ
economic slowdown °æ±â µÐÈ-- stagnation°ú À¯»çÇÑ ÀǹÌ