Á÷Á¢È¹ý°ú °£Á¢È¹ý
1. Á÷Á¢È¹ý(Direct Speech)À̶õ?
Á÷Á¢È¹ýÀº ´©±º°¡ÀÇ ¸»À» ±×´ë·Î ÀοëÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î µû¿ÈÇ¥(quotation marks)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸»ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ±×´ë·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏÁÒ.
Sarah said, "I love chocolate."
¡æ »ç¶ó´Â "³ª´Â ÃÊÄݸ´À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇØ."¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹®Àå¿¡¼´Â Sarah°¡ ÇÑ ¸»À» ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î ÀοëÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸»ÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡°ú ¸»ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô À¯ÁöµÇ¸ç, ÀÎ¿ë ºÎÈ£·Î ¸»ÀÇ °æ°è¸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
±âº» ±¸Á¶:
ÁÖ¾î + µ¿»ç(say, tell µî) + ¡°Á÷Á¢ Àο빮¡±
She said, "I am tired."
He asked, "Do you like pizza?"
À̶§ Áß¿äÇÑ Á¡Àº Àο빮ÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦³ª ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸»ÇÑ ±×´ë·Î Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌÁÒ.
2. °£Á¢È¹ý(Indirect Speech)À̶õ?
°£Á¢È¹ýÀº ¸»ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ¿ä¾àÇϰųª Àü´ÞÀÚ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ ¹Ù²ã¼ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áï, ¸»ÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹°í, ±×·¡¼ ½ÃÁ¦¿Í ÀÎĪÀÌ ¹Ù²î´Â Ư¡ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Sarah said that she loved chocolate.
¡æ »ç¶ó´Â ÃÊÄݸ´À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
ÀÌ °æ¿ì, SarahÀÇ ¸»À» ÈÀÚ°¡ Á¦3ÀÚÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼ À籸¼ºÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ½ÃÁ¦¿Í ÀÎĪÀÌ ¹Ù²î¸ç, Á÷Á¢ ¸»ÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀº »ç¶óÁö°í, ¹®ÀåÀÌ ÀÏ¹Ý Áø¼ú¹® ±¸Á¶·Î ¹Ù²ò´Ï´Ù.
±âº» ±¸Á¶:
ÁÖ¾î + µ¿»ç(said, told µî) + that + °£Á¢ Àο빮
Á÷Á¢È¹ý: She said, "I am tired."
°£Á¢È¹ý: She said that she was tired.
3. ½ÃÁ¦ º¯È ±ÔÄ¢
°£Á¢È¹ý¿¡¼´Â ±âÁØ ½ÃÁ¡ÀÌ °ú°ÅÀÏ °æ¿ì, Àο빮ÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦µµ °ú°ÅÇüÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²î´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ Ç¥·Î Á¤¸®Çغ¼°Ô¿ä.
Á÷Á¢È¹ý ½ÃÁ¦ --- °£Á¢È¹ý ½ÃÁ¦
ÇöÀçÇü (am, do) --- °ú°ÅÇü (was, did)
ÇöÀçÁøÇàÇü (is doing) --- °ú°ÅÁøÇàÇü (was doing)
ÇöÀç¿Ï·áÇü (has done) --- °ú°Å¿Ï·áÇü (had done)
°ú°ÅÇü (did) --- °ú°Å¿Ï·áÇü (had done)
¹Ì·¡Çü (will do) --- Á¶µ¿»ç °ú°ÅÇü (would do)
Á÷Á¢È¹ý: He said, "I play soccer every weekend."
°£Á¢È¹ý: He said that he played soccer every weekend.
Á÷Á¢È¹ý: She said, "I have finished my homework."
°£Á¢È¹ý: She said that she had finished her homework.
4. ÀÎĪ ´ë¸í»ç ¹Ù²Ù±â
°£Á¢È¹ý¿¡¼´Â ¸»ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷°ú µè´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ °üÁ¡ÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁö¹Ç·Î, ÀÎĪ ´ë¸í»çµµ ¹Ù²ã¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¡°I am tired.¡± ¡æ He said he was tired.
¡°We will win.¡± ¡æ They said they would win.
Á÷Á¢È¹ý: John said, "I like your book."
°£Á¢È¹ý: John said that he liked my book.
¡æ John = he / your = my (ÈÀÚÀÇ Ã¥À» ÀǹÌÇϹǷÎ)
5. Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼ÀÇ °£Á¢È¹ý
Àǹ®¹®À» °£Á¢È¹ýÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¶§´Â µÎ °¡Áö À¯ÇüÀ» ±¸ºÐÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
(1) Àǹ®»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì (Wh- Questions)
Á÷Á¢È¹ý: She asked, "Where is he?"
°£Á¢È¹ý: She asked where he was.
¡æ Àǹ®»ç¸¦ ±×´ë·Î »ç¿ë, ¾î¼øÀº Æò¼¹® ¾î¼øÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ãÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
(2) Àǹ®»ç°¡ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì (Yes/No Questions)
Á÷Á¢È¹ý: He asked, "Do you like coffee?"
°£Á¢È¹ý: He asked if I liked coffee.
¡æ ¡®if¡¯ ¶Ç´Â ¡®whether¡¯¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Æò¼¹® ¾î¼ø »ç¿ë
6. ¸í·É¹®°ú Á¦¾È¹®
¸í·É¹®À» °£Á¢È¹ýÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¶§´Â to ºÎÁ¤»ç ÇüŸ¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Á÷Á¢È¹ý: The teacher said, "Study hard."
°£Á¢È¹ý: The teacher told us to study hard.
ºÎÁ¤ ¸í·É¹®Àº not to·Î ¹Ù²ãÁÖ¸é µË´Ï´Ù.
Á÷Á¢È¹ý: Mom said, "Don't touch that!"
°£Á¢È¹ý: Mom told me not to touch that.
7. °£Á¢È¹ýÀÇ ¿¹¿Ü
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù:
º¸ÆíÀû Áø¸® (general truths):
"The Earth goes around the sun." ¡æ She said that the Earth goes around the sun.
¹æ±Ý ¸»ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ̳ª µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÏ¾î³ ÀÏ:
"I¡¯m hungry." ¡æ He says he is hungry.
8. ¿¬½À¹®Á¦¿Í ÆÁ
Á÷Á¢ ¡æ °£Á¢È¹ý ¹Ù²Ù±â
"I can swim," she said. ¡æ
She said that she could swim.
"Are you coming with us?" he asked. ¡æ
He asked if I was coming with them.
"Don't be late," my mom said. ¡æ
My mom told me not to be late.
ÇнÀ ÆÁ
½Ã°£ Ç¥Çöµµ ¹Ù²ã¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù:
today ¡æ that day
tomorrow ¡æ the next day
now ¡æ then
here ¡æ there
½ÃÁ¦ º¯È°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é ¡æ ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¡ÀÇ »ç½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìÀÎÁö È®ÀÎ!