Á¶°Ç, ¾çº¸, ¸ñÀû, °á°ú ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»ç
Á¶°Ç(Condition), ¾çº¸(Concession), ¸ñÀû(Purpose), °á°ú(Result) ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç´Â
º¹ÀâÇÑ »ý°¢À̳ª ³í¸®¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ±Û¿¡¼´Â ¿µ¾î Ãʺ¸ÀÚµµ ¸íÈ®È÷ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï, Á¶°Ç, ¾çº¸, ¸ñÀû, °á°ú ºÎ»çÀý Á¢¼Ó»ç¸¦ °¢°¢ ºÐ·ùÇØ ¿¹¹®°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¼Ò°³ÇØ µå¸³´Ï´Ù.
¡ß Á¶°Ç ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»ç (Condition)
Á¶°Ç ºÎ»çÀýÀº ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ Á¶°ÇÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç:
if (~¶ó¸é)
unless (~ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ)
provided (that) (~¶ó´Â Á¶°ÇÀ̶ó¸é)
in case (~ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ¿©)
on condition that (~¶ó´Â Á¶°Ç ÇÏ¿¡)
¿¹¹®
If it rains, we¡¯ll cancel the picnic.
(ºñ°¡ ¿À¸é ¼ÒdzÀ» Ãë¼ÒÇÒ °Å¾ß.)
Unless you study, you won¡¯t pass the test.
(°øºÎÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ½ÃÇè¿¡ ÇÕ°ÝÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °Å¾ß.)
I¡¯ll help you provided that you ask politely.
(°ø¼ÕÇÏ°Ô ºÎŹÇÑ´Ù¸é µµ¿ÍÁÙ°Ô.)
Take an umbrella in case it rains.
(ºñ°¡ ¿Ã °æ¿ì¸¦ ´ëºñÇØ ¿ì»êÀ» ì°Ü.)
¡ß ¾çº¸ ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»ç (Concession)
¾çº¸ ºÎ»çÀýÀº ¹Ý´ëÀÇ »óȲ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ ÀϾÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù.
ÀÚÁÖ ¾²ÀÌ´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç:
although (~ÀÏÁö¶óµµ)
even though (~ÀÓ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí)
though (~Áö¸¸)
while (~ÀÌÁö¸¸)
whereas (~¿¡ ¹ÝÇØ¼)
¿¹¹®
Although he was tired, he went to work.
(±×´Â ÇǰïÇßÁö¸¸ Ãâ±ÙÇß´Ù.)
Even though it was raining, they played soccer.
(ºñ°¡ ¿ÔÁö¸¸ ±×µéÀº Ã౸¸¦ Çß´Ù.)
While I like coffee, I prefer tea.
(³ª´Â Ä¿ÇǸ¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö¸¸ Â÷¸¦ ´õ ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù.)
Whereas she is quiet, her brother is very loud.
(±×³à´Â Á¶¿ëÇÑ ¹Ý¸é, ±×³àÀÇ ÇüÀº ¸Å¿ì ½Ã²ô·´´Ù.)
¡ß ¸ñÀû ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»ç (Purpose)
¸ñÀû ºÎ»çÀýÀº ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ ¾î¶² ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ Á¢¼Ó»ç:
so that (~Çϱâ À§Çؼ)
in order that (~ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï)
for the purpose that (~¶ó´Â ¸ñÀûÀ» °¡Áö°í)
¿¹¹®
He studies hard so that he can pass the exam.
(±×´Â ½ÃÇè¿¡ ÇÕ°ÝÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿½ÉÈ÷ °øºÎÇÑ´Ù.)
She left early in order that she might catch the bus.
(±×³à´Â ¹ö½º¸¦ Ÿ±â À§ÇØ ÀÏÂï ¶°³µ´Ù.)
We exercise regularly so that we stay healthy.
(¿ì¸®´Â °Ç°À» À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¿îµ¿ÇÑ´Ù.)
¡ß °á°ú ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»ç (Result)
°á°ú ºÎ»çÀýÀº ÁÖÀýÀÇ ¿øÀο¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾î¶² °á°ú°¡ ¹ß»ýÇß´ÂÁö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù.
´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ Á¢¼Ó»ç:
so that (~ÇÑ °á°ú·Î)
such that (~ÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î)
so ~ that (~ÇØ¼ ~ÇÏ´Ù)
¿¹¹®
It was so hot that we stayed indoors all day.
(³Ê¹« ´õ¿ö¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ÇÏ·ç Á¾ÀÏ Áý ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.)
He spoke so quickly that I couldn¡¯t understand him.
(±×´Â ³Ê¹« »¡¸® ¸»Çؼ ³ª´Â ±×¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.)
The movie was so interesting that I watched it twice.
(±× ¿µÈ´Â ³Ê¹« Èï¹Ì·Î¿ö¼ µÎ ¹ø ºÃ´Ù.)
¡ß ÇÙ½É ºñ±³ ¿ä¾à
Á¶°Ç if, unless, in case ¾î¶² Á¶°Ç ¾Æ·¡ ¹ß»ý
¾çº¸ although, even though, while ¹Ý´ë »óȲ¿¡¼µµ ¹ß»ý
¸ñÀû so that, in order that ¸ñÀûÀ» ¼³¸í
°á°ú so that, so ~ that °á°ú¸¦ ¼³¸í
¡ß ÀÚÁÖ ³ª¿À´Â ÆÐÅÏ ¿¹¹®
If you need help, just ask.
µµ¿òÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸é ±×³É ¿äÃ»ÇØ.
Even though he¡¯s rich, he¡¯s very humble.
±×´Â ºÎÀÚÀÓ¿¡µµ ¸Å¿ì °â¼ÕÇÏ´Ù.
She exercises daily so that she stays in shape.
±×³à´Â ¸ö¸Å À¯Áö¸¦ À§ÇØ ¸ÅÀÏ ¿îµ¿ÇÑ´Ù.
The lecture was so boring that I almost fell asleep.
°Àǰ¡ ³Ê¹« Áö·çÇØ¼ ³ª´Â °ÅÀÇ Àáµé »·Çß´Ù.
Unless you hurry, we¡¯ll miss the train.
¼µÎ¸£Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±âÂ÷¸¦ ³õÄ¥ °Å¾ß.
He whispered so that nobody could hear him.
±×´Â ¾Æ¹«µµ µèÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï ¼Ó»è¿´´Ù.
Although I was scared, I went inside.
³ª´Â ¹«¼¿üÁö¸¸ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¬´Ù.
I took notes in case there was a test.
½ÃÇèÀÌ ÀÖÀ»±î ºÁ Çʱ⸦ Çß´Ù.
It was such a good deal that I bought two.
³Ê¹« ÁÁÀº Á¶°ÇÀ̶ó µÎ °³¸¦ »ò´Ù.
While the others rested, she kept working.
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½¬´Â µ¿¾È ±×³à´Â °è¼Ó ÀÏÇß´Ù.
¡ß ºÎ»çÀý Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î ¹®ÀåÀ» È®ÀåÇ϶ó
Á¶°Ç, ¾çº¸, ¸ñÀû, °á°úÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ´ãÀº ºÎ»çÀýÀº ¿µ¾î ¹®ÀåÀ» ³í¸®ÀûÀÌ°í ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â µ¥ ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¹®¹ý ±¸Á¶ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ³× °¡Áö ¹üÁÖÀÇ Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»çµéÀ» Á¤È®È÷ ÀÍÈ÷°í ¹Ýº¹Çؼ ¿¬½ÀÇϸé,
ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°í ¿Ï¼ºµµ ³ôÀº ¿µ¾î ¹®ÀåÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ ¿©·¯ºÐµµ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ» ³Ñ¾î, ³í¸®¿Í °¨Á¤À» ´ãÀº ¹®ÀåÀ» Á÷Á¢ ¸¸µé¾îº¸¼¼¿ä!
-- Á¶°Ç ºÎ»çÀý (Condition) – if, unless, provided that, in case
If you study hard, you'll pass the exam.
¿½ÉÈ÷ °øºÎÇÏ¸é ½ÃÇè¿¡ ÇÕ°ÝÇÒ °Å¾ß.
Unless it rains, we'll go hiking tomorrow.
ºñ°¡ ¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ³»ÀÏ µî»ê °¥ °Å¾ß.
Provided that you finish your work, you can leave early.
ÀÏÀ» ³¡³»¸é ÀÏÂï Åð±ÙÇØµµ µÅ.
In case you need help, call me anytime.
µµ¿òÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸é ¾ðÁ¦µçÁö ÀüÈÇØ.
If she calls, let me know immediately.
±×³à°¡ ÀüÈÇÏ¸é ¹Ù·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁà.
Unless you hurry, you'll miss the train.
¼µÎ¸£Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±âÂ÷¸¦ ³õÄ¥ °Å¾ß.
Provided that the weather is good, we'll have a picnic.
³¯¾¾°¡ ÁÁÀ¸¸é ¼Òdz °¥ °Å¾ß.
In case of emergency, break the glass.
ºñ»ó½Ã¿¡´Â À¯¸®¸¦ ±ú¼¼¿ä.
If they invite us, we'll attend the party.
±×µéÀÌ ÃÊ´ëÇÏ¸é ÆÄÆ¼¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÒ °Å¾ß.
Unless you tell the truth, I can't help you.
Áø½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é µµ¿ÍÁÙ ¼ö ¾ø¾î.
-- ¾çº¸ ºÎ»çÀý (Concession) – although, even though, though, while, whereas
Although he was tired, he kept working.
±×´Â ÇǰïÇßÁö¸¸ °è¼Ó ÀÏÇß¾î.
Even though it's expensive, I bought it.
ºñ½ÎÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀ» »ò¾î.
Though she is young, she is very wise.
±×³à´Â ¾î¸®Áö¸¸ ¸Å¿ì Çö¸íÇØ.
While I disagree, I respect your opinion.
³ª´Â µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ³ÊÀÇ ÀǰßÀ» Á¸ÁßÇØ.
Whereas I prefer tea, she likes coffee.
³ª´Â Â÷¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×³à´Â Ä¿ÇǸ¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇØ.
Although it was raining, they played soccer.
ºñ°¡ ¿À°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ±×µéÀº Ã౸¸¦ Çß¾î.
Even though he apologized, she was still angry.
±×°¡ »ç°úÇßÁö¸¸, ±×³à´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Ȱ¡ ³µ¾î.
Though the task is difficult, I will try.
ÀÏÀÌ ¾î·ÆÁö¸¸, ³ª´Â ½ÃµµÇÒ °Å¾ß.
While he is rich, he lives a simple life.
±×´Â ºÎÀÚÁö¸¸, ¼Ò¹ÚÇÏ°Ô »ì¾Æ.
Whereas some people like summer, I prefer winter.
¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿©¸§À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö¸¸, ³ª´Â °Ü¿ïÀ» ´õ ÁÁ¾ÆÇØ.
--¸ñÀû ºÎ»çÀý (Purpose) – so that, in order that, in case
I left early so that I could catch the bus.
¹ö½º¸¦ Ÿ±â À§ÇØ ÀÏÂï ³ª¿Ô¾î.
She studies hard in order that she may succeed.
±×³à´Â ¼º°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿½ÉÈ÷ °øºÎÇØ.
Take an umbrella in case it rains.
ºñ°¡ ¿Ã °æ¿ì¸¦ ´ëºñÇØ ¿ì»êÀ» °¡Á®°¡.
He exercises regularly so that he stays healthy.
±×´Â °Ç°À» À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿îµ¿ÇØ.
I wrote it down in order that I wouldn't forget.
ÀØÁö ¾Ê±â À§ÇØ ±×°ÍÀ» Àû¾î³ù¾î.
She practices daily so that she can improve.
±×³à´Â ½Ç·ÂÀ» Çâ»ó½Ã۱â À§ÇØ ¸ÅÀÏ ¿¬½ÀÇØ.
In case you need assistance, press the button.
µµ¿òÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸é ¹öưÀ» ´©¸£¼¼¿ä.
He saved money so that he could buy a car.
±×´Â Â÷¸¦ »ç±â À§ÇØ µ·À» ¸ð¾Ò¾î.
I studied all night in order that I might pass the test.
½ÃÇè¿¡ ÇÕ°ÝÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¹ã»õ °øºÎÇß¾î.
She left a note so that he would know where she went.
±×³à´Â ±×°¡ ¾îµð °¬´ÂÁö ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÂÊÁö¸¦ ³²°å¾î.
--°á°ú ºÎ»çÀý (Result) – so that, such that, so...that, such...that
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
±×´Â ³Ê¹« ÇǰïÇØ¼ ¹Ù·Î Àáµé¾ú¾î.
She spoke so softly that I couldn't hear her.
±×³à´Â ³Ê¹« Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ¸»Çؼ ³ª´Â µéÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú¾î.
It was such a hot day that we stayed indoors.
³Ê¹« ´õ¿î ³¯ÀÌ¾î¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ½Ç³»¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú¾î.
The movie was so boring that I left early.
¿µÈ°¡ ³Ê¹« Áö·çÇØ¼ ³ª´Â ÀÏÂï ³ª¿Ô¾î.
He ran so fast that he broke the record.
±×´Â ³Ê¹« »¡¸® ´Þ·Á¼ ±â·ÏÀ» ²£¾î.
She had such a headache that she couldn't work.
±×³à´Â ³Ê¹« µÎÅëÀÌ ½ÉÇØ¼ ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú¾î.
The food was so delicious that I ate too much.
À½½ÄÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¸ÀÀÖ¾î¼ ³Ê¹« ¸¹ÀÌ ¸Ô¾ú¾î.
It was such a loud noise that everyone woke up.
³Ê¹« ½Ã²ô·¯¿î ¼Ò¸®¿©¼ ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±ú¾î³µ¾î.
He was so angry that he couldn't speak.
±×´Â ³Ê¹« Ȱ¡ ³ª¼ ¸»À» ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú¾î.
The task was so difficult that no one could complete it.
ÀÏÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¾î·Á¿ö¼ ¾Æ¹«µµ ±×°ÍÀ» ¿Ï¼öÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú¾î.
--Ãß°¡ ¿¹¹®
If you don't water the plants, they'll die.
½Ä¹°¿¡ ¹°À» ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Á×À» °Å¾ß.
Although it's late, I will finish my homework.
´Ê¾úÁö¸¸, ³ª´Â ¼÷Á¦¸¦ ³¡³¾ °Å¾ß.
She left early so that she wouldn't miss the train.
±×³à´Â ±âÂ÷¸¦ ³õÄ¡Áö ¾Ê±â À§ÇØ ÀÏÂï ¶°³µ¾î.
He was such a good teacher that everyone loved him.
±×´Â ³Ê¹« ÁÁÀº ¼±»ý´ÔÀÌ¾î¼ ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±×¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇß¾î.
Unless we act now, it will be too late.
Áö±Ý ÇൿÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ³Ê¹« ´ÊÀ» °Å¾ß.
Even though he is young, he is very responsible.
±×´Â ¾î¸®Áö¸¸ ¸Å¿ì Ã¥ÀÓ°¨ ÀÖ¾î.
I took notes in case I forgot the details.
¼¼ºÎ»çÇ×À» ÀØÀ» °æ¿ì¸¦ ´ëºñÇØ ¸Þ¸ð¸¦ Çß¾î.