Colombia launches expedition to explore 300-year-old Spanish shipwreck filled with sunken treasure
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The sunken treasure of the San José shipwreck is contested – but its real riches go beyond coins and jewels
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The San José was a galleon ship owned by King Philip V of Spain (1683–1746) in the 18th century. It sailed from Portobelo in present-day Panama to Cartagena in Colombia in 1708.
The ship was sunk – still laden with treasure including 11 million gold and silver coins, emeralds and other precious cargo – during the Battle of Barú (also known as Wager¡¯s Action), part of the War of the Spanish Succession.
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The search for the San José and its treasure, sunk 600 metres deep, has now become possible thanks to advances in remotely operated underwater vehicle technology. The ship is now in the process of being pulled up from the sea floor.
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The 62-gun, three-masted ship – the flagship and largest galleon of a Spanish fleet – was believed to have been carrying gold, silver, emeralds and other valuable goods from the mines of Potosi, Peru.
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The ship, carrying one of the largest hauls of valuables ever lost at sea, is thought to be worth around £16 billion in today's money!
Gold, silver and emeralds are believed to have been on the ship – but there has been debate over who will claim the treasure.
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The San Jos顯s discovery has been significant for Colombia because of the ship¡¯s treasure of cultural and historical artifacts – and clues they may provide about Europe¡¯s economic, social and political climate during the early 18th century.
But it has also sparked a multi-billion dollar legal battle.
Colombia maintains that it first discovered the San José in 2015 with help from international scientists.
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At the time, the vessel had been transporting its precious cargo to the Spanish king to help pay for his war against the British. Almost 600 crew members went down with it.
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The first stage of the research project - described as a "characterisation phase" - will use remote sensors to generate images of the site to build an inventory of the archaeological material on the seabed.
Underwater robots will also take readings around the shipwreck, which will be used to inform academic studies, the Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History said.
Subsequent phases will depend on what comes to light in this first phase of the project, it added.
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What was the San José?
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The San José was an old Spanish galleon, which is a type of large boat with huge sails and lots of different decks.
Galleons were used for sea battles during the 16th and 18th Century, or for carrying items to trade with other countries.
The San José was carrying gold, silver, gems and jewellery to Spain's king to help pay for his war with the British, but it was sunk soon after leaving South America.
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